I'm an HVAC service tech (and contractor but don't tell anyone). Voltage spikes can damage motors (your compressor is a motor), and capacitors. Your compressor uses a capacitor to help get it started. Often times the symptoms you describe end up being just a blown (open or shorted) capacitor. An average service tech can find that and repairs should be nominal.
If it's the compressor itself unit replacement is the best route.
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