Diesel fuel has more heat content than gasoline, and gasoline has more heat content than Ethanol. So, in miles per gallon, diesel fuel is worth about 10% more than gasoline and Ethanol is worth about 1/3 less. A diesel engine is also slightly more efficient than a gasoline engine. As a motor fuel, it takes 1.5 gallons of ethanol to take you as far down the road as 1 gallon of gas.
Here's somebody else's answer, which must be right because I got this in a google search:
Fuel, BTU/lb, BTU/gallon
Gasoline, 18676, 116090
#2 diesel, 18394, 129050
Ethanol, 11585, 76330
Propane, 19900, 84500
Methane, 20263, 19800 (natural gas)
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