Yes, in a TM (and most other automotive-type applications), the black wire is positive and the white wire is negative. (In automotive applications, the negative wire is connected to the chassis, and is often referred to as "ground". Old British cars, incidentally, did it backward.) If the battery was hooked up in reverse, you may find that it has damaged some electronics stuff in the TM.
Yes, the fuse should always be in the positive wire, the very first thing connected to the battery, and physically close to it.
Bill
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